stack功能

C++ Stack（堆栈）是一个容器类的改编，为程序员提供了堆栈的全部功能，——也就是说实现了一个先进后出（FILO）的数据结构。

c++ stl栈stack的头文件为:

#include <stack>

c++ stl栈stack的成员函数介绍

empty() 堆栈为空则返回真

pop() 移除栈顶元素

push() 在栈顶增加元素

size() 返回栈中元素数目

top() 返回栈顶元素

swap() 交换栈中元素

构造示例：

// constructing stacks
#include <iostream>       // std::cout
#include <stack>          // std::stack
#include <vector>         // std::vector
#include <deque>          // std::deque

int main ()
{
  std::deque<int> mydeque (3,100);          // deque with 3 elements
  std::vector<int> myvector (2,200);        // vector with 2 elements

  std::stack<int> first;                    // empty stack
  std::stack<int> second (mydeque);         // stack initialized to copy of deque

  std::stack<int,std::vector<int> > third;  // empty stack using vector
  std::stack<int,std::vector<int> > fourth (myvector);

  std::cout << "size of first: " << first.size() << '\n';
  std::cout << "size of second: " << second.size() << '\n';
  std::cout << "size of third: " << third.size() << '\n';
  std::cout << "size of fourth: " << fourth.size() << '\n';

  return 0;
}

Output:

size of first: 0
size of second: 3
size of third: 0
size of fourth: 2

push/pop/empty 示例：

// stack::push/pop
#include <iostream>       // std::cout
#include <stack>          // std::stack

int main ()
{
  std::stack<int> mystack;

  for (int i=0; i<5; ++i) mystack.push(i);

  std::cout << "Popping out elements...";
  while (!mystack.empty())
  {
     std::cout << ' ' << mystack.top();
     mystack.pop();
  }
  std::cout << '\n';

  return 0;
}

Output:

Popping out elements... 4 3 2 1 0

size 示例：

// stack::size
#include <iostream>       // std::cout
#include <stack>          // std::stack

int main ()
{
  std::stack<int> myints;
  std::cout << "0. size: " << myints.size() << '\n';

  for (int i=0; i<5; i++) myints.push(i);
  std::cout << "1. size: " << myints.size() << '\n';

  myints.pop();
  std::cout << "2. size: " << myints.size() << '\n';

  return 0;
}

Output:

0. size: 0
1. size: 5
2. size: 4

top 示例：

// stack::top
#include <iostream>       // std::cout
#include <stack>          // std::stack

int main ()
{
  std::stack<int> mystack;

  mystack.push(10);
  mystack.push(20);

  mystack.top() -= 5;

  std::cout << "mystack.top() is now " << mystack.top() << '\n';

  return 0;
}

Output:

mystack.top() is now 15

swap 示例

// stack::swap
#include <iostream>       // std::cout
#include <stack>          // std::stack

int main ()
{
  std::stack<int> foo,bar;
  foo.push (10); foo.push(20); foo.push(30);
  bar.push (111); bar.push(222);

  foo.swap(bar);

  std::cout << "size of foo: " << foo.size() << '\n';
  std::cout << "size of bar: " << bar.size() << '\n';

  return 0;
}

Output:

size of foo: 2
size of bar: 3

原文链接: https://www.cnblogs.com/mingguzhou/p/12831231.html

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stack功能

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