0x00 前言
最近准备研究下黑阔们推崇备至的nmap，nmap的官网地址：http://nmap.org
0x01 准备工作
安装GCC、GCC-G++、GDB（为了方便调试时间使用）：
yum install gcc
yum install gcc-g++
yum install gdb
wget http://nmap.org/dist/nmap-6.01.tar.bz2
tar -jxvf nmap-6.01.tar.bz2
cd nmap-6.01
0x02 编译安装
linux源码包标准的安装流程：
./configure
make
make install
若想自己设定目录可以这样查看其configure的帮助：
[root@localhost nmap-6.01]# ./configure -help
Usage: ./configure [OPTION]... [VAR=VALUE]...
Configuration:
-h, --help 显示帮助并退出
--help=short 显示nmap的特定选项
--help=recursive 对包含的包进行简短的介绍-V, --version 显示版本信息并退出
-q, --quiet, --silent 不显示检测信息
--cache-file=FILE 在FILE中显示检测结果-C, --config-cache alias for `--cache-file=config.cache'
-n, --no-create 不创建输出文件--srcdir=DIR 源码目录
Installation directories:
--prefix=PREFIX 设置安装目录，安装目录默认为[/usr/local]
--exec-prefix=EPREFIX 安装独立的可执行文件目录
默认情况下, `make install' 将安装所有的文件到`/usr/local/bin', `/usr/local/lib' --bindir=DIR 用户执行目录[EPREFIX/bin]
--sbindir=DIR 系统管理员执行目录 [EPREFIX/sbin]
--libexecdir=DIR 程序执行目录 [EPREFIX/libexec]
--sysconfdir=DIR 只读的配置文件 [PREFIX/etc]
--sharedstatedir=DIR modifiable architecture-independent data [PREFIX/com]
--localstatedir=DIR modifiable single-machine data [PREFIX/var]
--libdir=DIR 库目录 [EPREFIX/lib]
--includedir=DIR 头文件目录 [PREFIX/include]
--oldincludedir=DIR C header files for non-gcc [/usr/include]
--datarootdir=DIR read-only arch.-independent data root [PREFIX/share]
--datadir=DIR read-only architecture-independent data [DATAROOTDIR]
--infodir=DIR info documentation [DATAROOTDIR/info]
--localedir=DIR locale-dependent data [DATAROOTDIR/locale]
--mandir=DIR man documentation [DATAROOTDIR/man]
--docdir=DIR documentation root [DATAROOTDIR/doc/PACKAGE]
--htmldir=DIR html documentation [DOCDIR]
--dvidir=DIR dvi documentation [DOCDIR]
--pdfdir=DIR pdf documentation [DOCDIR]
--psdir=DIR ps documentation [DOCDIR]
System types:
--build=BUILD configure for building on BUILD [guessed]
--host=HOST cross-compile to build programs to run on HOST [BUILD]
Optional Features:
--disable-option-checking ignore unrecognized --enable/--with options
--disable-FEATURE do not include FEATURE (same as --enable-FEATURE=no)
--enable-FEATURE[=ARG] include FEATURE [ARG=yes]
--disable-nls do not use Native Language Support
Optional Packages:
--with-PACKAGE[=ARG] use PACKAGE [ARG=yes]
--without-PACKAGE do not use PACKAGE (same as --with-PACKAGE=no)
--with-localdirs Explicitly ask compiler to use
/usr/local/{include,libs} if they exist
--without-ndiff Skip installation of the Ndiff utility
--without-zenmap Skip installation of the Zenmap graphical frontend
--without-nping Skip installation of the Nping utility
--with-openssl=DIR Use optional openssl libs and includes from
[DIR]/lib/ and [DIR]/include/openssl/)
--with-libpcap=DIR Look for pcap in DIR/include and DIR/libs.
--with-libpcap=included Always use version included with Nmap
--with-libpcre=DIR Use an existing (compiled) pcre lib from DIR/include
and DIR/lib.
--with-libpcre=included Always use the version included with Nmap
--with-libdnet=DIR Use an existing (compiled) dnet lib from DIR/include
and DIR/lib. This is NOT RECOMMENDED because we have
made many important fixes to our included libdnet,
as described at
http://nmap.org/svn/libdnet-stripped/NMAP_MODIFICATIONS
--with-libdnet=included Use the libdnet version included with Nmap (default)
--with-liblua=DIR Use an existing (compiled) lua lib from DIR/include
and DIR/lib.
--with-liblua=included Use the liblua version included with Nmap
--without-liblua Compile without lua (this will exclude all of NSE
from compilation)
--with-liblinear=DIR Use an existing (compiled) liblinear from
DIR/include and DIR/lib.
--with-liblinear=included
Use the liblinear version included with Nmap
--with-libnbase=DIR Look for nbase include/libs in DIR
--with-libnsock=DIR Compile and link to libnsock in DIR
--without-ncat Skip build and installation of Ncat
--without-nmap-update Skip build and installation of nmap-update
--with-apr=PATH prefix for installed APR or the full path to
apr-config
--with-subversion=DIR Look for libsvn1 in DIR/include and DIR/libs.
Some influential environment variables:
CC C compiler command
CFLAGS C compiler flags
LDFLAGS linker flags, e.g. -L<lib dir> if you have libraries in a
nonstandard directory <lib dir>
LIBS libraries to pass to the linker, e.g. -l<library>
CPPFLAGS (Objective) C/C++ preprocessor flags, e.g. -I<include dir> if
you have headers in a nonstandard directory <include dir>
CXX C++ compiler command
CXXFLAGS C++ compiler flags
CPP C preprocessor
PYTHON the Python interpreter
当然可以使用简单的安装方法，在Redhat上：
yum install nmap
在ubuntu、debian上：
apt-get install nmap
0x03 测试
[root@localhost bin]# nmap -help
Nmap 6.01 ( http://nmap.org )
Usage: nmap [Scan Type(s)] [Options] {target specification}
TARGET SPECIFICATION:
Can pass hostnames, IP addresses, networks, etc.
Ex: scanme.nmap.org, microsoft.com/24, 192.168.0.1; 10.0.0-255.1-254
-iL <inputfilename>: 扫描文件输入列表-iR <num hosts>: Choose random targets
--exclude <host1[,host2][,host3],...>: Exclude hosts/networks
--excludefile <exclude_file>: Exclude list from file
HOST DISCOVERY:
-sL: List Scan - simply list targets to scan
-sn: Ping Scan - disable port scan
-Pn: Treat all hosts as online -- skip host discovery
-PS/PA/PU/PY[portlist]: TCP SYN/ACK, UDP or SCTP discovery to given ports
-PE/PP/PM: ICMP echo, timestamp, and netmask request discovery probes
-PO[protocol list]: IP Protocol Ping
-n/-R: Never do DNS resolution/Always resolve [default: sometimes]
--dns-servers <serv1[,serv2],...>: Specify custom DNS servers
--system-dns: Use OS's DNS resolver
--traceroute: Trace hop path to each host
SCAN TECHNIQUES:
-sS/sT/sA/sW/sM: TCP SYN/Connect()/ACK/Window/Maimon scans
-sU: UDP Scan
-sN/sF/sX: TCP Null, FIN, and Xmas scans
--scanflags <flags>: Customize TCP scan flags
-sI <zombie host[:probeport]>: Idle scan
-sY/sZ: SCTP INIT/COOKIE-ECHO scans
-sO: IP protocol scan
-b <FTP relay host>: FTP bounce scan
PORT SPECIFICATION AND SCAN ORDER:
-p <port ranges>: Only scan specified ports
Ex: -p22; -p1-65535; -p U:53,111,137,T:21-25,80,139,8080,S:9
-F: Fast mode - Scan fewer ports than the default scan
-r: Scan ports consecutively - don't randomize
--top-ports <number>: Scan <number> most common ports
--port-ratio <ratio>: Scan ports more common than <ratio>
SERVICE/VERSION DETECTION:
-sV: Probe open ports to determine service/version info
--version-intensity <level>: Set from 0 (light) to 9 (try all probes)
--version-light: Limit to most likely probes (intensity 2)
--version-all: Try every single probe (intensity 9)
--version-trace: Show detailed version scan activity (for debugging)
SCRIPT SCAN:
-sC: equivalent to --script=default
--script=<Lua scripts>: <Lua scripts> is a comma separated list of
directories, script-files or script-categories
--script-args=<n1=v1,[n2=v2,...]>: provide arguments to scripts
--script-args-file=filename: provide NSE script args in a file
--script-trace: Show all data sent and received
--script-updatedb: Update the script database.
--script-help=<Lua scripts>: Show help about scripts.
<Lua scripts> is a comma separted list of script-files or
script-categories.
OS DETECTION:
-O: Enable OS detection
--osscan-limit: Limit OS detection to promising targets
--osscan-guess: Guess OS more aggressively
TIMING AND PERFORMANCE:
Options which take <time> are in seconds, or append 'ms' (milliseconds),
's' (seconds), 'm' (minutes), or 'h' (hours) to the value (e.g. 30m).
-T<0-5>: Set timing template (higher is faster)
--min-hostgroup/max-hostgroup <size>: Parallel host scan group sizes
--min-parallelism/max-parallelism <numprobes>: Probe parallelization
--min-rtt-timeout/max-rtt-timeout/initial-rtt-timeout <time>: Specifies
probe round trip time.
--max-retries <tries>: Caps number of port scan probe retransmissions.
--host-timeout <time>: Give up on target after this long
--scan-delay/--max-scan-delay <time>: Adjust delay between probes
--min-rate <number>: Send packets no slower than <number> per second
--max-rate <number>: Send packets no faster than <number> per second
FIREWALL/IDS EVASION AND SPOOFING:
-f; --mtu <val>: fragment packets (optionally w/given MTU)
-D <decoy1,decoy2[,ME],...>: Cloak a scan with decoys
-S <IP_Address>: Spoof source address
-e <iface>: Use specified interface
-g/--source-port <portnum>: Use given port number
--data-length <num>: Append random data to sent packets
--ip-options <options>: Send packets with specified ip options
--ttl <val>: Set IP time-to-live field
--spoof-mac <mac address/prefix/vendor name>: Spoof your MAC address
--badsum: Send packets with a bogus TCP/UDP/SCTP checksum
OUTPUT:
-oN/-oX/-oS/-oG <file>: Output scan in normal, XML, s|<rIpt kIddi3,
and Grepable format, respectively, to the given filename.
-oA <basename>: Output in the three major formats at once
-v: Increase verbosity level (use -vv or more for greater effect)
-d: Increase debugging level (use -dd or more for greater effect)
--reason: Display the reason a port is in a particular state
--open: Only show open (or possibly open) ports
--packet-trace: Show all packets sent and received
--iflist: Print host interfaces and routes (for debugging)
--log-errors: Log errors/warnings to the normal-format output file
--append-output: Append to rather than clobber specified output files
--resume <filename>: Resume an aborted scan
--stylesheet <path/URL>: XSL stylesheet to transform XML output to HTML
--webxml: Reference stylesheet from Nmap.Org for more portable XML
--no-stylesheet: Prevent associating of XSL stylesheet w/XML output
MISC:
-6: Enable IPv6 scanning
-A: Enable OS detection, version detection, script scanning, and traceroute
--datadir <dirname>: Specify custom Nmap data file location
--send-eth/--send-ip: Send using raw ethernet frames or IP packets
--privileged: Assume that the user is fully privileged
--unprivileged: Assume the user lacks raw socket privileges
-V: Print version number
-h: Print this help summary page.
EXAMPLES:
nmap -v -A scanme.nmap.org
nmap -v -sn 192.168.0.0/16 10.0.0.0/8
nmap -v -iR 10000 -Pn -p 80
SEE THE MAN PAGE (http://nmap.org/book/man.html) FOR MORE OPTIONS AND EXAMPLES
0x04 结尾
原文链接: https://www.cnblogs.com/code-exp/archive/2012/10/25/2739297.html
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