Cisco与Linux的NAT-Linux实现Cisco风格的NAT

既然看到了Cisco的NAT比较灵活,那么Linux能否实现呢?答案是肯定的!因为Linux的Netfilter是超级灵活的,Linux的NAT不灵活是因为iptables程序的不灵活,xtables-addons的RAWNAT已经朝static nat迈出了重要的一步,是iptables限制了Linux的static nat发展!于是我抛开iptables,先基于Netfilter把内核模块实现,然后用procfs作为用户接口,看看怎么实现Cisco风格的static nat。顺带说一句,之所以做这个程序,是因为我们在产品中真的遇到了这个需求,玩过SIP和FTP的都知道,然而因为工期受限,又怕自己做的这个不稳定,效率也没有优化,因此只能放在这里玩玩,不登大雅之堂。

        首先,我们看一下基本原理,我们不希望一条NAT绑定任何N元组或者说流,只是一个一对一的地址映射,以源地址转换为例,在从内到外的方向将源地址A转换为B,在从外到内的方向将源目标地址B转换为A!必须记住,任何时候,源地址转换都在POSTROUTING上来做,而目标地址转换都在PREROUTING上来做,按照上述的陈述,以下图说明:

Cisco与Linux的NAT-Linux实现Cisco风格的NAT

有了上图作为指示,我们就知道该怎么做了:

1.内核中维护一个映射表,仅仅映射两个地址;
2.在PREROUTING和POSTROUTING两个HOOK点上基于上述的映射表执行NAT动作;
3.实现一个用户接口,可以从用户态进行地址映射的配置


以上3点比较容易实现,实际上使用xtables-addons的RAWNAT其实也能实现static nat,然而要想实现两个方向的自动匹配NAT,必然要配置两条甚至多条,最蛋疼的就是明明就是一条映射,非要写成match的形式,所以还是做成Cisco风格的吧。不管怎样,下面的这个代码的实际nat部分还是使用了RAWNAT的代码!

        代码如下:

#include <linux/ip.h>
#include <linux/ipv6.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/skbuff.h>
#include <linux/tcp.h>
#include <linux/udp.h>
#include <linux/list.h>
#include <linux/sysfs.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/proc_fs.h>
#include <linux/version.h>
#include <linux/netfilter.h>
#include <net/ip.h>
#include "compat_xtables.h"

static inline __be32
remask(__be32 addr, __be32 repl, unsigned int shift)
{
    uint32_t mask = (shift == 32) ? 0 : (~(uint32_t)0 >> shift);
    return htonl((ntohl(addr) & mask) | (ntohl(repl) & ~mask));
}

static void rawnat4_update_l4(struct sk_buff *skb, __be32 oldip, __be32 newip)
{
    struct iphdr *iph = ip_hdr(skb);
    void *transport_hdr = (void *)iph + ip_hdrlen(skb);
    struct tcphdr *tcph;
    struct udphdr *udph;
    bool cond;

    switch (iph->protocol) {
    case IPPROTO_TCP:
        tcph = transport_hdr;
        inet_proto_csum_replace4(&tcph->check, skb, oldip, newip, true);
        break;
    case IPPROTO_UDP:
    case IPPROTO_UDPLITE:
        udph = transport_hdr;
        cond = udph->check != 0;
#if LINUX_VERSION_CODE >= KERNEL_VERSION(2, 6, 19)
        cond |= skb->ip_summed == CHECKSUM_PARTIAL;
#endif
        if (cond) {
            inet_proto_csum_replace4(&udph->check, skb,
                oldip, newip, true);
            if (udph->check == 0)
                udph->check = CSUM_MANGLED_0;
        }
        break;
    }
}

static unsigned int rawnat4_writable_part(const struct iphdr *iph)
{
    unsigned int wlen = sizeof(*iph);

    switch (iph->protocol) {
    case IPPROTO_TCP:
        wlen += sizeof(struct tcphdr);
        break;
    case IPPROTO_UDP:
        wlen += sizeof(struct udphdr);
        break;
    }
    return wlen;
}

//实现源地址转换
static unsigned int
rawsnat(struct sk_buff **pskb, __be32 addr)
{
    struct iphdr *iph;
    __be32 new_addr;

    iph = ip_hdr(*pskb);
    new_addr = remask(iph->saddr, addr, 32);
    if (iph->saddr == new_addr) {
        return NF_ACCEPT;
    }

    if (!skb_make_writable(pskb, rawnat4_writable_part(iph))){
        return NF_DROP;
    }

    iph = ip_hdr(*pskb);
    csum_replace4(&iph->check, iph->saddr, new_addr);
    rawnat4_update_l4(*pskb, iph->saddr, new_addr);
    iph->saddr = new_addr;
    return NF_ACCEPT;
}

//实现目标地址转换
static unsigned int
rawdnat(struct sk_buff **pskb, __be32 addr)
{
    struct iphdr *iph;
    __be32 new_addr;

    iph = ip_hdr(*pskb);
    new_addr = remask(iph->daddr, addr, 32);
    if (iph->daddr == new_addr)
        return NF_ACCEPT;

    if (!skb_make_writable(pskb, rawnat4_writable_part(iph)))
        return NF_DROP;

    iph = ip_hdr(*pskb);
    csum_replace4(&iph->check, iph->daddr, new_addr);
    rawnat4_update_l4(*pskb, iph->daddr, new_addr);
    iph->daddr = new_addr;
    return NF_ACCEPT;
}

//定义数据结构
struct addr_map {
    struct list_head list;
    __be32 addr[2];
    int type;  //0:源地址转换;1:目标地址转换
};
//全局的map list
static LIST_HEAD(map_list);

static unsigned int ipv4_static_nat_pre(unsigned int hooknum,
                     struct sk_buff *skb,
                     const struct net_device *in,
                     const struct net_device *out,
                     int (*okfn)(struct sk_buff *))
{
    __be32 new_daddr = 0x0;
    struct addr_map *map;
    const struct iphdr *iph = ip_hdr(skb);
    if (list_empty(&map_list)) {
        return NF_ACCEPT;
    }
    //查找是否需要做目标地址转换
    list_for_each_entry(map, &map_list, list) {
        if (map->addr[((map->type-1)&0x00000001)] == iph->daddr) {
            new_daddr = map->addr[map->type&0x00000001];
            break;
        }
    }
    if (new_daddr == 0) {
        return NF_ACCEPT;
    }
    return rawdnat(&skb, new_daddr);
}

static unsigned int ipv4_static_nat_post(unsigned int hooknum,
                     struct sk_buff *skb,
                     const struct net_device *in,
                     const struct net_device *out,
                     int (*okfn)(struct sk_buff *))
{
    __be32 new_saddr = 0x0;
    struct addr_map *map;
    const struct iphdr *iph = ip_hdr(skb);
    if (list_empty(&map_list)) {
        return NF_ACCEPT;
    }
    //查找是否做源地址转换
    list_for_each_entry(map, &map_list, list) {
        if (map->addr[map->type&0x00000001] == iph->saddr) {
            new_saddr = map->addr[((map->type-1)&0x00000001)];
            break;
        }
    }
    if (new_saddr == 0) {
        return NF_ACCEPT;
    }
    return rawsnat(&skb, new_saddr);
}

static struct nf_hook_ops ipv4_static_nat[] __read_mostly = {
    {
        .hook        = ipv4_static_nat_pre,
        .owner        = THIS_MODULE,
        .pf        = NFPROTO_IPV4,
        .hooknum    = NF_INET_PRE_ROUTING,
        .priority    = NF_IP_PRI_NAT_SRC+1,
    },
    {
        .hook        = ipv4_static_nat_post,
        .owner        = THIS_MODULE,
        .pf        = NFPROTO_IPV4,
        .hooknum    = NF_INET_PRE_ROUTING,
        .priority    = NF_IP_PRI_RAW+1,
    },
};

//以下是定义用户接口
//如果需要添加一条source转换。则:
//echo +172.16.4.34-128.129.4.34 >/proc/STATIC_Nat/source
struct proc_dir_entry *nat_entry = NULL;

static ssize_t write_snat(struct file *file, const char __user *buf,
                   size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
{
    struct addr_map *am = NULL;
    char addr_temp[20] = {0};
    __be32 addr1 = 0, addr2 = 0;
    int ret = count;
    int i = 1;
    for (; i < 48; i++) {
        if (buf[i] == '-') {
            memcpy(addr_temp, buf+1, i-1);
            break;
        }
    }
    addr1 = in_aton(addr_temp);
    addr2 = in_aton(buf + i + 1);

    if (buf[0] == '+') {
        am = kzalloc(sizeof(struct addr_map), GFP_KERNEL);
        INIT_LIST_HEAD(&am->list);
        am->addr[0] = addr1;
        am->addr[1] = addr2;
        am->type = 0;
        list_add(&am->list, &map_list);
    } else if(buf[0] == '-') {
        //Remove TODO
    }
    return ret;
}

static ssize_t write_dnat(struct file *file, const char __user *buf,
                   size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
{
    //TODO
    return 0;
}
static ssize_t read_snat(struct file *file, char __user *buf,
                   size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
{
    //TODO
    return 0;
}
static ssize_t read_dnat(struct file *file, char __user *buf,
                   size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
{
    //TODO
    return 0;
}

static const struct file_operations proc_snat_operations = {
    .read       = read_snat,
    .write      = write_snat,
};
static const struct file_operations proc_dnat_operations = {
    .read       = read_dnat,
    .write      = write_dnat,
};

static int __init static_nat_zy_init(void)
{
    int ret = 0;
    ret = nf_register_hooks(ipv4_static_nat, ARRAY_SIZE(ipv4_static_nat));
    if (ret < 0) {
        printk("ipv4_static_nat: can't register hooks.n");
    } /* test */else {
        nat_entry = proc_mkdir("STATIC_Nat", NULL);
        proc_create("source", S_IWUSR, nat_entry, &proc_snat_operations);
        proc_create("destination", S_IWUSR, nat_entry, &proc_dnat_operations);
    }  

    return ret;
}

static void __exit static_nat_zy_exit(void)
{

    remove_proc_entry("source", nat_entry);
    remove_proc_entry("destination", nat_entry);
    remove_proc_entry("STATIC_Nat", NULL);
    nf_unregister_hooks(ipv4_static_nat, ARRAY_SIZE(ipv4_static_nat));
    return;
}

module_init(static_nat_zy_init);
module_exit(static_nat_zy_exit);
//保留原作者
MODULE_AUTHOR("Jan Engelhardt <jengelh@medozas.de>");
MODULE_AUTHOR("wangran <marywangran@126.com>");
MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Static NAT");
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");

如此就可以实现Cisoc风格的NAT了。代码的优化空间还是有很多的,比如list可以换成hash...

原文链接: https://blog.csdn.net/dog250/article/details/8936766

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    Cisco与Linux的NAT-Linux实现Cisco风格的NAT

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