1. 线程创建

1.1 std::thread创建线程

• 1. 用普通函数创建线程
• 2. 用成员函数创建线程
• 3. 用类对象创建线程
• 4. 用Lambda表达式创建线程

1.1.1 用普通函数创建线程

#include <iostream>
#include <thread>

void foo(int a)
{
    std::cout << a << std::endl;
}

int main()
{
    // Create and execute the thread
    std::thread thread(foo, 10); // foo is the function to execute, 10 is the
                                 // argument to pass to it

    // Keep going; the thread is executed separately

    // Wait for the thread to finish; we stay here until it is done
    thread.join();

    return 0;
}
// 编译方法: g++ -g test.cpp -o test -std=c++11 -lpthread

1.1.2 用成员函数创建线程

#include <iostream>
#include <thread>

class Bar
{
public:
    void foo(int a)
    {
        std::cout << a << std::endl;
    }
};

int main()
{
    Bar bar;

    // Create and execute the thread
    std::thread thread(&Bar::foo, &bar, 10); // Pass 10 to member function

    // The member function will be executed in a separate thread

    // Wait for the thread to finish, this is a blocking operation
    thread.join();

    return 0;
}

// 编译方法: g++ -g test.cpp -o test -std=c++11 -lpthread

1.1.3 用类对象创建线程

#include <iostream>
#include <thread>

// 类要变成可调用对象需要重载操作符（）
class Bar
{
public:
    void operator()(int a)
    {
        std::cout << a << std::endl;
    }
};

int main()
{
    Bar bar;

    // Create and execute the thread
    std::thread thread(bar, 10); // Pass 10 to functor object

    // The functor object will be executed in a separate thread

    // Wait for the thread to finish, this is a blocking operation
    thread.join();

    return 0;
}

// 编译方法: g++ -g test.cpp -o test -std=c++11 -lpthread

1.1.4 用Lambda表达式创建线程

#include <iostream>
#include <thread>

class Test
{
public:
    Test(int m) : m_iCount(m) {}
    ~Test() {}

    void init() {
        // 用Lambda表达式创建线程。this是该匿名函数捕获的外部参数。()为空，表示该匿名函数没有参数
        std::thread([this]() {
            std::cout << "m_iCount = " << m_iCount << std::endl;
        }).join();
    }
private:
    int m_iCount;
};

int main()
{
    // 方法1：
    auto lambda = [](int a) { std::cout << a << std::endl; };

    // Create and execute the thread
    std::thread thread(lambda, 10); // Pass 10 to the lambda expression

    // The lambda expression will be executed in a separate thread

    // Wait for the thread to finish, this is a blocking operation
    thread.join();

    // 方法2：在一个类中用匿名函数创建线程
    Test test(5);
    test.init();

    return 0;
}

// 编译方法: g++ -g test.cpp -o test -std=c++11 -lpthread

1.2 pthread创建线程

int pthread_create (pthread_t *__restrict __newthread,
               const pthread_attr_t *__restrict __attr,
               void *(*__start_routine) (void *),
               void *__restrict __arg)
// 第一个参数为指向线程标识符的指针。
// 第二个参数用来设置线程属性。
// 第三个参数是线程运行函数的起始地址。
// 第四个参数是运行函数的参数。
// pthread_create() 在调用成功完成之后返回零。其他任何返回值都表示出现了错误。

实例：

#include <iostream>
#include <pthread.h>

void* test(void* context)
{
    std::cout << "hello, world" << std::endl;
}

int main()
{

    pthread_t tid;
    int ret = pthread_create(&tid, NULL, test, NULL);

    pthread_join(tid, NULL);

    return 0;

}

// 编译方法: g++ -g test.cpp -o test -lpthread

来自于
https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/358428937