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《C++程序设计原理与实践》粗读–chapter3-5

admin • • C/C++ • 阅读 211

本身是不应该关注语法细节的.

_____Chapter 3_______

① bool型在C中有(那个标准开始的忘了,C primer plus中有),在C++中更有.

② 字符串的终止会被空白符终止, 空白符:Tab,换行,空格.其实都是空格的一种形式.

③ 初值的赋予注意:eg string first_name = "???"; String 类型应该是对C语言中用数组来表示字符串的改进吧.

④ String用法远比C中舒服.可以加但是不可以减 还可以直接比较时候相等.

⑤ >> 和 << 运算符的应用. S>>X 从S读取到X.

⑥ 终止输入符号: Control + Z 然后按 Enter. 在Linux中的 Control + D

⑦命名的开始下划线最好不用.

⑧再次强调定义时初始化.

⑨对于类型转换的安全性. 在嵌入式编程中很重要的一点,.很多时候总是用unsigned,但是需要注意范围.

______________



下面则是引用http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/string/string/中的string中参考

string

class<string>
String class

String objects are a special type of container, specifically designed to operate with sequences of characters.



Unlike traditional c-strings, which are mere sequences of characters in a memory array, C++ string objects belong to a class with many built-in features to operate with strings in a more intuitive way and with some additional useful features common to C++ containers.



Thestringclass is an instantiation of thebasic_stringclass template, defined inas:

<var style="font-style: normal; color: rgba(0, 0, 176, 1)">typedef</var>basic_string<<var style="font-style: normal; color: rgba(0, 0, 176, 1)">char</var>> string;

Member functions

[**(constructor)**](http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/string/string/string/) Construct string object(constructor member )
[**operator=**](http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/string/string/operator=/) String assignment(public member function)



Iterators:

[**begin**](http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/string/string/begin/) Return iterator to beginning(public member function)
[**end**](http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/string/string/end/) Return iterator to end(public member function)
[**rbegin**](http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/string/string/rbegin/) Return reverse iterator to reverse beginning(public member function)
[**rend**](http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/string/string/rend/) Return reverse iterator to reverse end(public member function)



Capacity:

[**size**](http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/string/string/size/) Return length of string(public member function)
[**length**](http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/string/string/length/) Return length of string(public member function)
[**max_size**](http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/string/string/max_size/) Return maximum size of string(public member function)
[**resize**](http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/string/string/resize/) Resize string(public member function)
[**capacity**](http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/string/string/capacity/) Return size of allocated storage(public member function)
[**reserve**](http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/string/string/reserve/) Request a change in capacity(public member function)
[**clear**](http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/string/string/clear/) Clear string(public member function)
[**empty**](http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/string/string/empty/) Test if string is empty(public member function)



Element access:

[**operator[]**](http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/string/string/operator[]/) Get character in string(public member function)
[**at**](http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/string/string/at/) Get character in string(public member function)



Modifiers:

[**operator+=**](http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/string/string/operator+=/) Append to string(public member function)
[**append**](http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/string/string/append/) Append to string(public member function)
[**push_back**](http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/string/string/push_back/) Append character to string(public member function)
[**assign**](http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/string/string/assign/) Assign content to string(public member function )
[**insert**](http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/string/string/insert/) Insert into string(public member function )
[**erase**](http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/string/string/erase/) Erase characters from string(public member function)
[**replace**](http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/string/string/replace/) Replace part of string(public member function )
[**swap**](http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/string/string/swap/) Swap contents with another string(public member function)



String operations:

[**c_str**](http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/string/string/c_str/) Get C string equivalent(public member function )
[**data**](http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/string/string/data/) Get string data(public member function)
[**get_allocator**](http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/string/string/get_allocator/) Get allocator(public member function)
[**copy**](http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/string/string/copy/) Copy sequence of characters from string(public member function)
[**find**](http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/string/string/find/) Find content in string(public member function)
[**rfind**](http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/string/string/rfind/) Find last occurrence of content in string(public member function)
[**find_first_of**](http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/string/string/find_first_of/) Find character in string(public member function)
[**find_last_of**](http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/string/string/find_last_of/) Find character in string from the end(public member function)
[**find_first_not_of**](http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/string/string/find_first_not_of/) Find absence of character in string
[**find_last_not_of**](http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/string/string/find_last_not_of/) Find absence of character in string from the end(public member function)
[**substr**](http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/string/string/substr/) Generate substring(public member function)
[**compare**](http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/string/string/compare/) Compare strings(public member function )


_____Chapter 4_______

① vector算是对C中数组的改进? vectorv(6),居然和数组一样用法v[2].

② 显然vector应该是class,有内部成员:

push_back这个成员真好,不像C中那样不可以追加.

vectorV 其size成员在初始化时是0.

begin和end成员也不错.....

看来这个确实比C舒服.

③sort排序

______________


______Chapter 5______

★ 以前学语言都是直接边学习边编写程序的,在编译运行的时候才去分析错误IDE或工具链给出的错误和警告,在这本书中直接用一个章节来写

在程序编译链接运行时有可能出现的错误,以及不同类型的错误.★最为难以解决的应该是运行时错误:最经典的其一是 除数为0,当我们的除以的变量有可能为0时,可能会忘记将其判断一下在处理.

★ 从调用者必须检查参数到方式必须检查参数, 需要编写函数的作者对传入参数进行检查.经典的是 if(p == NULL) return EXIT_FAILURE;



★ 异常处理try{} catch{},C语言中的异常处理用的是实现goto的longjmp()和setjmp(),当然Linux内核中的错误处理直接就是用goto来完成.[参考书本Linux Device Drivers 3e, Page37]

★ 调试.记得在<<C语言深度解剖>>里面作者说不要使用printf来查看变量而是应该看Memory或者调试.说得多好.其实开始学编程就该如此学习.而不是来不来习惯用Printf

_____自己的想法_________


开始学编程的时候就该慢慢的一点点学会使用PC-Lint 然后在开始的每一个章节后面加上一些编程规范(当然这个有利有弊了,会限制风格,但是总体利大于弊)


《C++程序设计原理与实践》粗读--chapter3-5

原文链接: https://www.cnblogs.com/tonyho/archive/2011/12/31/2742228.html

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