Makefile模版

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#
# Generic Makefile for C/C++ Program
#
# License: GPL (General Public License)
# Author:  whyglinux <whyglinux>
# wangmengmeng &lt;wang0_0meng@126.com&gt; 2010/10/16 modified
# Date:    2006/03/04 (version 0.1)
#          2007/03/24 (version 0.2)
#          2007/04/09 (version 0.3)
#          2007/06/26 (version 0.4)
#          2008/04/05 (version 0.5)
#
# Description:
# ------------
# This is an easily customizable makefile template. The purpose is to
# provide an instant building environment for C/C++ programs.
#
# It searches all the C/C++ source files in the specified directories,
# makes dependencies, compiles and links to form an executable.
#
# Besides its default ability to build C/C++ programs which use only
# standard C/C++ libraries, you can customize the Makefile to build
# those using other libraries. Once done, without any changes you can
# then build programs using the same or less libraries, even if source
# files are renamed, added or removed. Therefore, it is particularly
# convenient to use it to build codes for experimental or study use.
#
# GNU make is expected to use the Makefile. Other versions of makes
# may or may not work.
#
# Usage:
# ------
# 1. Copy the Makefile to your program directory.
# 2. Customize in the "Customizable Section" only if necessary:
#    * to use non-standard C/C++ libraries, set pre-processor or compiler
#      options to <my_cflags> and linker ones to <my_libs>
#      (See Makefile.gtk+-2.0 for an example)
#    * to search sources in more directories, set to <src_dirs>
#    * to specify your favorite program name, set to <program>
# 3. Type make to start building your program.
#
# Make Target:
# ------------
# The Makefile provides the following targets to make:
#   $ make           compile and link
#   $ make NODEP=yes compile and link without generating dependencies
#   $ make objs      compile only (no linking)
#   $ make tags      create tags for Emacs editor
#   $ make ctags     create ctags for VI editor
#   $ make clean     clean objects and the executable file
#   $ make distclean clean objects, the executable and dependencies
#   $ make help      get the usage of the makefile
#   $ make deps      compile only dependencies
#   $ make showcommands  display the commands when compiling

#   Must modified section
#===========================================================================
#   @SRC_DIRS:The directories in which source files reside. Default is '.'.
#   @INC_DIRS:The directories in which header files reside. Default is EMPTY
#   @OUT_DIR :The directory in which output files reside. Default is "out"
#   @PROGRAM :The output name of the source files. Default is "test"

SRC_DIRS := src
INC_DIRS := include src
OUT_DIR  := out
PROGRAM   = 

#   Customizable section
#===========================================================================
#   @MY_CFLAGS:The pre-processor and compiler options.
#   @MY_LIBS  :The linker options.
#   @LDFLAGS  :The options used in linking as well as in any direct use of ld.

MY_CFLAGS = 
MY_LIBS   =
LDFLAGS   =

CROSS_COMPILE ?= 

## Implicit Section: change the following only when necessary.
##==========================================================================
#   @CEXTS   :The c extentions
#   @CPPEXTS :The cpp extentions

CEXTS   := .c .C
CPPEXTS := .cc .cpp .CPP .c++ .cxx .cp
HDREXTS = .h .H .hh .hpp .HPP .h++ .hxx .hp

## Auto generated Section: change when you are sure
##==========================================================================
#   @SPACE      :Represent a space
#   @SRCEXTS    :All the source this makefile will processed
#   @CPARTERNS  :Used to generate like %.c %.C
#   @CPPPARTERNS:Used to generate like %.cpp %.CPP
#   @INCARGS    :Used to generate like -Iinclude

EMPTY   =
SPACE   = $(EMPTY) $(EMPTY)
SRCEXTS  := $(CEXTS)$(SPACE)$(CPPEXTS)
CPARTERNS  := $(foreach i,$(CEXTS),%$(i))
CPPPARTERNS  := $(foreach i,$(CPPEXTS),%$(i))

ifneq ($(INC_DIRS),)
INCARGS = $(foreach i,$(INC_DIRS),-I$(i))
else
INCARGS =
endif

ifneq ($(filter showcommands,$(MAKECMDGOALS)),)
HIDE     := 
else
HIDE     := @
endif

CFLAGS   = -g -O2 -Wall $(INCARGS)
CXXFLAGS = -g -O2 -Wall $(INCARGS)

CC       = $(addprefix $(CROSS_COMPILE),gcc)
CXX      = $(addprefix $(CROSS_COMPILE),g++)

# Un-comment the following line to compile C programs as C++ ones.
#CC      = $(CXX)

ETAGS    = etags
ETAGSFLAGS =

CTAGS = ctags
CTAGSFLAGS =

## Stable Section: usually no need to be changed. But you can add more.
##==========================================================================
SHELL   = /bin/sh
ifeq ($(PROGRAM),)
  CUR_PATH_NAMES = $(subst /,$(SPACE),$(subst $(SPACE),_,$(CURDIR)))
  PROGRAM = $(word $(words $(CUR_PATH_NAMES)),$(CUR_PATH_NAMES))
  ifeq ($(PROGRAM),)
    PROGRAM = a.out
  endif
endif
ifeq ($(SRC_DIRS),)
  SRC_DIRS = .
endif

ifeq ($(OUT_DIR),)
  OUT_DIR = out
endif

SOURCES = $(foreach d,$(SRC_DIRS),$(wildcard $(addprefix $(d)/*,$(SRCEXTS))))
HEADERS = $(foreach d,$(SRC_DIRS),$(wildcard $(addprefix $(d)/*,$(HDREXTS))))
SRC_C = $(filter $(CPARTERNS),$(SOURCES))
SRC_CXX = $(filter $(CPPPARTERNS),$(SOURCES))
OBJS    = $(addsuffix .o,$(addprefix $(OUT_DIR)/,$(basename $(notdir $(SOURCES)))))
DEPS    = $(OBJS:.o=.d)

## Define some useful variables.
DEP_OPT = $(shell if `$(CC) --version | grep "GCC" &gt;/dev/null`; then \
                  echo "-MM"; else echo "-M"; fi )
DEPEND      = $(CC)  $(DEP_OPT)  $(MY_CFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS)
DEPEND.d    = $(subst -g ,,$(DEPEND))
COMPILE.c   = $(CC)  $(MY_CFLAGS) $(CFLAGS)   $(CPPFLAGS) -c
COMPILE.cxx = $(CXX) $(MY_CFLAGS) $(CXXFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) -c
LINK.c      = $(CC)  $(MY_CFLAGS) $(CFLAGS)   $(CPPFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS)
LINK.cxx    = $(CXX) $(MY_CFLAGS) $(CXXFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS)

RM          = rm -f

# Function to add dependencies
define deps-template
$(1): $(2) $$(OUT_DIR)
 @echo "generating dependecy ==&gt; $(1)"
 $$(HIDE)$$(DEPEND.d) $(2) $$(INCARGS) | sed '1s#^#$(dir $(1))#' &gt; $(1)  
endef

define objs-template
$(1): $(2)
 @echo "compiling $(2) ==&gt; $(1)"
 $$(HIDE)$(3) $$&lt; -o $$@ 
endef

## Rules Section: ADD some rules to generate target.
##==========================================================================
.PHONY: all objs tags ctags clean distclean help show showcommands deps

# Delete the default suffixes
.SUFFIXES:

all: $(PROGRAM)

showcommands: all

deps: $(DEPS)

# Rules to create dependency files
$(foreach d,$(SOURCES),$(eval $(call deps-template,$(addsuffix .d,$(OUT_DIR)/$(basename $(notdir $(d)))),$(d))))

# Rules for generating object files (.o).
#----------------------------------------
objs: $(OBJS) $(OUT_DIR)

$(foreach d,$(SRC_CXX),$(eval $(call objs-template,$(addsuffix .o,$(OUT_DIR)/$(basename $(notdir $(d)))),$(d),$(COMPILE.cxx))))

$(foreach d,$(SRC_C),$(eval $(call objs-template,$(addsuffix .o,$(OUT_DIR)/$(basename $(notdir $(d)))),$(d),$(COMPILE.c))))

 
# Rules for generating the tags.
#-------------------------------------
tags: $(HEADERS) $(SOURCES)
 $(ETAGS) $(ETAGSFLAGS) $(HEADERS) $(SOURCES)

ctags: $(HEADERS) $(SOURCES)
 $(CTAGS) $(CTAGSFLAGS) $(HEADERS) $(SOURCES)

# Rules for generating the executable.
#-------------------------------------
$(PROGRAM):$(OBJS)
ifeq ($(SRC_CXX),)              # C program
 @echo linking $@   
 $(HIDE)$(LINK.c)   $(OBJS) $(MY_LIBS) -o $@
 @echo Type ./$@ to execute the program.
else  
 @echo linking $@                         # C++ program
 $(HIDE)$(LINK.cxx) $(OBJS) $(MY_LIBS) -o $@
 @echo Type ./$@ to execute the program.
endif

ifndef NODEP
ifneq ($(DEPS),)
  sinclude $(DEPS)
endif
endif

$(OUT_DIR):
 $(HIDE)mkdir $(OUT_DIR)

clean:
 $(HIDE)$(RM) $(OBJS) $(PROGRAM)
 @echo "objs and program cleaned"

distclean: clean
 $(HIDE)$(RM) $(DEPS) TAGS
 @echo "deps and tags cleaned"

# Show help.
help:
 @echo 'Generic Makefile for C/C++ Programs (gcmakefile) version 0.5'
 @echo 'Copyright (C) 2007, 2008 whyglinux &lt;whyglinux@hotmail.com&gt;'
 @echo 'wangmengmeng &lt;wang0_0meng@126.com&gt; 2010/10/16 modified
 @echo
 @echo 'Usage: make [TARGET]'
 @echo 'TARGETS:'
 @echo '  all       (=make) compile and link.'
 @echo '  NODEP=yes make without generating dependencies.'
 @echo '  objs      compile only (no linking).'
 @echo '  tags      create tags for Emacs editor.'
 @echo '  ctags     create ctags for VI editor.'
 @echo '  clean     clean objects and the executable file.'
 @echo '  distclean clean objects, the executable and dependencies.'
 @echo '  show      show variables (for debug use only).'
 @echo '  help      print this message.'
 @echo
 @echo 'Report bugs to <whyglinux>.'

# Show variables (for debug use only.)
show:
 @echo 'PROGRAM     :' $(PROGRAM)
 @echo 'SRC_DIRS    :' $(SRC_DIRS)
 @echo 'INC_DIRS    :' $(INC_DIRS)
 @echo 'OUT_DIR     :' $(OUT_DIR) 
 @echo 'DEPEND.d    :' $(DEPEND.d) 
 @echo 'HEADERS     :' $(HEADERS)
 @echo 'SOURCES     :' $(SOURCES)
 @echo 'SRC_CXX     :' $(SRC_CXX)
 @echo 'SRC_C       :' $(SRC_C)
 @echo 'OBJS        :' $(OBJS)
 @echo 'DEPS        :' $(DEPS)
 @echo 'DEPEND      :' $(DEPEND)
 @echo 'COMPILE.c   :' $(COMPILE.c)
 @echo 'COMPILE.cxx :' $(COMPILE.cxx)
 @echo 'link.c      :' $(LINK.c)
 @echo 'link.cxx    :' $(LINK.cxx)

## End of the Makefile ##  Suggestions are welcome  ## All rights reserved ##
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source: http://hi.baidu.com/snownight/blog/item/9ca6b6fd575dec1909244da3.html