C++和C程序内存占用对比分析
本例以简单程序为例，分析C++和C语言的内存占用情况。本运行环境为：
- Ubuntu 20.04 LTS
- G++/GCC version: 9.3.0
- libstdc++.so.6.0.28/libc-2.31.so
总结：
- 实现输出hello world功能，C++代码比C代码占用的内存要大很多，主要在于多链接了libgcc_s.so.1、libm-2.31.so、libstdc++.so.6.0.28三个库；
- 如果使用C++标准库中的container、vector等模板库，内存就更加可观了；
- 在嵌入式资源比较紧张的环境中，优先考虑使用C语言；
- 个人经验：C++比较适合开发大型程序，处理更加复杂的业务模型，扩展性和开发效率都比较好；
1，C代码文件为hello.c，C++代码文件为hello.cpp：
/* hello.c */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
int main(void)
{
printf("hello world\n");
pause();
return 0x0;
}
/* hello.cpp */
#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <unistd.h>
int main(void)
{
std::cout << "hello world" << std::endl;
pause();
return 0x0;
}
2，编译
gcc hello.c -o c.out
g++ hello.cpp -o cpp.out
3，可执行文件大小
从下面的表格中可以看到：
- C++编译之后的可执行文件，符号表的长度比C语言更多一些，strip之后可执行文件的size（占用的磁盘大小)是相同的；
- C++代码段比C语言大；
- Data相差不大（此例没有用到全局变量和静态变量），C++还是比C略大一些；
- BSS段相差比较大，说明C++有很多的全局变量/静态变量；
| **File Name** | **Size** | **Size(AfterStrip)** | **Text** | **Data** | **BSS** |
| c.out | 16728 | 14464 | 1653 | 608 | 8 |
| cpp.out | 17352 | 14464 | 2543 | 672 | 280 |
| Delta(C++ - C) | 624 | 0 | 890 | 64 | 272 |
xinpengc@xinpengc-VirtualBox:~/learn/cpp$ stat c.out cpp.out
File: c.out
Size: 14464 Blocks: 32 IO Block: 4096 regular file
Device: 805h/2053d Inode: 928447 Links: 1
Access: (0775/-rwxrwxr-x) Uid: ( 1000/xinpengc) Gid: ( 1000/xinpengc)
Access: 2020-08-09 22:03:44.245216821 +0800
Modify: 2020-08-09 22:03:36.333217100 +0800
Change: 2020-08-09 22:03:36.333217100 +0800
Birth: -
File: cpp.out
Size: 14464 Blocks: 32 IO Block: 4096 regular file
Device: 805h/2053d Inode: 928442 Links: 1
Access: (0775/-rwxrwxr-x) Uid: ( 1000/xinpengc) Gid: ( 1000/xinpengc)
Access: 2020-08-09 22:03:44.245216821 +0800
Modify: 2020-08-09 22:03:36.333217100 +0800
Change: 2020-08-09 22:03:36.333217100 +0800
xinpengc@xinpengc-VirtualBox:~/learn/cpp$ size c.out cpp.out
text data bss dec hex filename
1653 608 8 2269 8dd c.out
2543 672 280 3495 da7 cpp.out
4，运行时分析
在hello.cpp代码中，引入了pause，导致cpp.out链接了C标准库，所以内存使受到了C库的干扰，结果可能不是很准确：
（在下面第5小节中，去掉了pause，但C++代码还是链接了C标准库）
| FileName | VmHWM (KB) | VmRSS (KB) | |
| c.out | 580 | 580 | |
| cpp.out | 1528 | 1528 | |
| Delta | 948 | 948 |
xinpengc@xinpengc-VirtualBox:~/learn/cpp$ cat /proc/3340/status /proc/3340/maps
Name: c.out
Umask: 0002
State: S (sleeping)
Tgid: 3340
Ngid: 0
Pid: 3340
PPid: 2112
TracerPid: 0
Uid: 1000 1000 1000 1000
Gid: 1000 1000 1000 1000
FDSize: 256
Groups: 4 24 27 30 46 120 131 132 1000
NStgid: 3340
NSpid: 3340
NSpgid: 3340
NSsid: 2112
VmPeak: 2488 kB
VmSize: 2488 kB
VmLck: 0 kB
VmPin: 0 kB
VmHWM: 580 kB
VmRSS: 580 kB
RssAnon: 64 kB
RssFile: 516 kB
RssShmem: 0 kB
VmData: 180 kB
VmStk: 132 kB
VmExe: 8 kB
VmLib: 1644 kB
VmPTE: 40 kB
VmSwap: 0 kB
HugetlbPages: 0 kB
CoreDumping: 0
THP_enabled: 1
Threads: 1
SigQ: 0/7731
SigPnd: 0000000000000000
ShdPnd: 0000000000000000
SigBlk: 0000000000000000
SigIgn: 0000000000000000
SigCgt: 0000000000000000
CapInh: 0000000000000000
CapPrm: 0000000000000000
CapEff: 0000000000000000
CapBnd: 0000003fffffffff
CapAmb: 0000000000000000
NoNewPrivs: 0
Seccomp: 0
Speculation_Store_Bypass: vulnerable
Cpus_allowed: 1
Cpus_allowed_list: 0
Mems_allowed: 00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000001
Mems_allowed_list: 0
voluntary_ctxt_switches: 1
nonvoluntary_ctxt_switches: 0
55d72012f000-55d720130000 r--p 00000000 08:05 928447 /home/xinpengc/learn/cpp/c.out
55d720130000-55d720131000 r-xp 00001000 08:05 928447 /home/xinpengc/learn/cpp/c.out
55d720131000-55d720132000 r--p 00002000 08:05 928447 /home/xinpengc/learn/cpp/c.out
55d720132000-55d720133000 r--p 00002000 08:05 928447 /home/xinpengc/learn/cpp/c.out
55d720133000-55d720134000 rw-p 00003000 08:05 928447 /home/xinpengc/learn/cpp/c.out
55d72027e000-55d72029f000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 [heap]
7fb897b56000-7fb897b7b000 r--p 00000000 08:05 1840863 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc-2.31.so
7fb897b7b000-7fb897cf3000 r-xp 00025000 08:05 1840863 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc-2.31.so
7fb897cf3000-7fb897d3d000 r--p 0019d000 08:05 1840863 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc-2.31.so
7fb897d3d000-7fb897d3e000 ---p 001e7000 08:05 1840863 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc-2.31.so
7fb897d3e000-7fb897d41000 r--p 001e7000 08:05 1840863 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc-2.31.so
7fb897d41000-7fb897d44000 rw-p 001ea000 08:05 1840863 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc-2.31.so
7fb897d44000-7fb897d4a000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
7fb897d5c000-7fb897d5d000 r--p 00000000 08:05 1840650 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-2.31.so
7fb897d5d000-7fb897d80000 r-xp 00001000 08:05 1840650 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-2.31.so
7fb897d80000-7fb897d88000 r--p 00024000 08:05 1840650 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-2.31.so
7fb897d89000-7fb897d8a000 r--p 0002c000 08:05 1840650 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-2.31.so
7fb897d8a000-7fb897d8b000 rw-p 0002d000 08:05 1840650 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-2.31.so
7fb897d8b000-7fb897d8c000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
7fffeb55d000-7fffeb57e000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 [stack]
7fffeb5ee000-7fffeb5f1000 r--p 00000000 00:00 0 [vvar]
7fffeb5f1000-7fffeb5f2000 r-xp 00000000 00:00 0 [vdso]
ffffffffff600000-ffffffffff601000 --xp 00000000 00:00 0 [vsyscall]
xinpengc@xinpengc-VirtualBox:~/learn/cpp$
xinpengc@xinpengc-VirtualBox:~/learn/cpp$
xinpengc@xinpengc-VirtualBox:~/learn/cpp$ cat /proc/3341/status /proc/3341/maps
Name: cpp.out
Umask: 0002
State: S (sleeping)
Tgid: 3341
Ngid: 0
Pid: 3341
PPid: 2112
TracerPid: 0
Uid: 1000 1000 1000 1000
Gid: 1000 1000 1000 1000
FDSize: 256
Groups: 4 24 27 30 46 120 131 132 1000
NStgid: 3341
NSpid: 3341
NSpgid: 3341
NSsid: 2112
VmPeak: 5876 kB
VmSize: 5876 kB
VmLck: 0 kB
VmPin: 0 kB
VmHWM: 1528 kB
VmRSS: 1528 kB
RssAnon: 156 kB
RssFile: 1372 kB
RssShmem: 0 kB
VmData: 228 kB
VmStk: 132 kB
VmExe: 8 kB
VmLib: 3344 kB
VmPTE: 44 kB
VmSwap: 0 kB
HugetlbPages: 0 kB
CoreDumping: 0
THP_enabled: 1
Threads: 1
SigQ: 0/7731
SigPnd: 0000000000000000
ShdPnd: 0000000000000000
SigBlk: 0000000000000000
SigIgn: 0000000000000000
SigCgt: 0000000000000000
CapInh: 0000000000000000
CapPrm: 0000000000000000
CapEff: 0000000000000000
CapBnd: 0000003fffffffff
CapAmb: 0000000000000000
NoNewPrivs: 0
Seccomp: 0
Speculation_Store_Bypass: vulnerable
Cpus_allowed: 1
Cpus_allowed_list: 0
Mems_allowed: 00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000001
Mems_allowed_list: 0
voluntary_ctxt_switches: 1
nonvoluntary_ctxt_switches: 0
5640b9d4d000-5640b9d4e000 r--p 00000000 08:05 928442 /home/xinpengc/learn/cpp/cpp.out
5640b9d4e000-5640b9d4f000 r-xp 00001000 08:05 928442 /home/xinpengc/learn/cpp/cpp.out
5640b9d4f000-5640b9d50000 r--p 00002000 08:05 928442 /home/xinpengc/learn/cpp/cpp.out
5640b9d50000-5640b9d51000 r--p 00002000 08:05 928442 /home/xinpengc/learn/cpp/cpp.out
5640b9d51000-5640b9d52000 rw-p 00003000 08:05 928442 /home/xinpengc/learn/cpp/cpp.out
5640bb6df000-5640bb700000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 [heap]
7f8c07e56000-7f8c07e5a000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
7f8c07e5a000-7f8c07e5d000 r--p 00000000 08:05 1841148 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1
7f8c07e5d000-7f8c07e6f000 r-xp 00003000 08:05 1841148 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1
7f8c07e6f000-7f8c07e73000 r--p 00015000 08:05 1841148 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1
7f8c07e73000-7f8c07e74000 r--p 00018000 08:05 1841148 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1
7f8c07e74000-7f8c07e75000 rw-p 00019000 08:05 1841148 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1
7f8c07e75000-7f8c07e84000 r--p 00000000 08:05 1841501 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libm-2.31.so
7f8c07e84000-7f8c07f2b000 r-xp 0000f000 08:05 1841501 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libm-2.31.so
7f8c07f2b000-7f8c07fc2000 r--p 000b6000 08:05 1841501 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libm-2.31.so
7f8c07fc2000-7f8c07fc3000 r--p 0014c000 08:05 1841501 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libm-2.31.so
7f8c07fc3000-7f8c07fc4000 rw-p 0014d000 08:05 1841501 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libm-2.31.so
7f8c07fc4000-7f8c07fe9000 r--p 00000000 08:05 1840863 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc-2.31.so
7f8c07fe9000-7f8c08161000 r-xp 00025000 08:05 1840863 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc-2.31.so
7f8c08161000-7f8c081ab000 r--p 0019d000 08:05 1840863 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc-2.31.so
7f8c081ab000-7f8c081ac000 ---p 001e7000 08:05 1840863 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc-2.31.so
7f8c081ac000-7f8c081af000 r--p 001e7000 08:05 1840863 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc-2.31.so
7f8c081af000-7f8c081b2000 rw-p 001ea000 08:05 1840863 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc-2.31.so
7f8c081b2000-7f8c081b6000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
7f8c081b6000-7f8c0824c000 r--p 00000000 08:05 1841929 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6.0.28
7f8c0824c000-7f8c0833c000 r-xp 00096000 08:05 1841929 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6.0.28
7f8c0833c000-7f8c08385000 r--p 00186000 08:05 1841929 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6.0.28
7f8c08385000-7f8c08386000 ---p 001cf000 08:05 1841929 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6.0.28
7f8c08386000-7f8c08391000 r--p 001cf000 08:05 1841929 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6.0.28
7f8c08391000-7f8c08394000 rw-p 001da000 08:05 1841929 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6.0.28
7f8c08394000-7f8c08399000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
7f8c083ab000-7f8c083ac000 r--p 00000000 08:05 1840650 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-2.31.so
7f8c083ac000-7f8c083cf000 r-xp 00001000 08:05 1840650 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-2.31.so
7f8c083cf000-7f8c083d7000 r--p 00024000 08:05 1840650 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-2.31.so
7f8c083d8000-7f8c083d9000 r--p 0002c000 08:05 1840650 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-2.31.so
7f8c083d9000-7f8c083da000 rw-p 0002d000 08:05 1840650 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-2.31.so
7f8c083da000-7f8c083db000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
7ffc9f0e5000-7ffc9f106000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 [stack]
7ffc9f16d000-7ffc9f170000 r--p 00000000 00:00 0 [vvar]
7ffc9f170000-7ffc9f171000 r-xp 00000000 00:00 0 [vdso]
ffffffffff600000-ffffffffff601000 --xp 00000000 00:00 0 [vsyscall]
xinpengc@xinpengc-VirtualBox:~/learn/cpp$
5，去掉pause之后的结果，和上面的结果差异不大：
1 xinpengc@xinpengc-VirtualBox:~/learn/cpp$ gcc hello.c -o c.out
2 xinpengc@xinpengc-VirtualBox:~/learn/cpp$ g++ hello.cpp -o cpp.out
3 xinpengc@xinpengc-VirtualBox:~/learn/cpp$
4 xinpengc@xinpengc-VirtualBox:~/learn/cpp$ stat c.out cpp.out
5 File: c.out
6 Size: 16688 Blocks: 40 IO Block: 4096 regular file
7 Device: 805h/2053d Inode: 928445 Links: 1
8 Access: (0775/-rwxrwxr-x) Uid: ( 1000/xinpengc) Gid: ( 1000/xinpengc)
9 Access: 2020-08-10 20:52:02.738419952 +0800
10 Modify: 2020-08-10 20:52:02.738419952 +0800
11 Change: 2020-08-10 20:52:02.738419952 +0800
12 Birth: -
13 File: cpp.out
14 Size: 17312 Blocks: 40 IO Block: 4096 regular file
15 Device: 805h/2053d Inode: 928442 Links: 1
16 Access: (0775/-rwxrwxr-x) Uid: ( 1000/xinpengc) Gid: ( 1000/xinpengc)
17 Access: 2020-08-10 20:52:12.123109624 +0800
18 Modify: 2020-08-10 20:52:12.123109624 +0800
19 Change: 2020-08-10 20:52:12.123109624 +0800
20 Birth: -
21 xinpengc@xinpengc-VirtualBox:~/learn/cpp$ size c.out cpp.out
22 text data bss dec hex filename
23 1549 600 8 2157 86d c.out
24 2455 664 280 3399 d47 cpp.out
25 xinpengc@xinpengc-VirtualBox:~/learn/cpp$
26 xinpengc@xinpengc-VirtualBox:~/learn/cpp$ strip c.out cpp.out
27 xinpengc@xinpengc-VirtualBox:~/learn/cpp$ stat c.out cpp.out
28 File: c.out
29 Size: 14464 Blocks: 32 IO Block: 4096 regular file
30 Device: 805h/2053d Inode: 928447 Links: 1
31 Access: (0775/-rwxrwxr-x) Uid: ( 1000/xinpengc) Gid: ( 1000/xinpengc)
32 Access: 2020-08-10 20:52:31.232658960 +0800
33 Modify: 2020-08-10 20:52:31.232658960 +0800
34 Change: 2020-08-10 20:52:31.232658960 +0800
35 Birth: -
36 File: cpp.out
37 Size: 14464 Blocks: 32 IO Block: 4096 regular file
38 Device: 805h/2053d Inode: 928445 Links: 1
39 Access: (0775/-rwxrwxr-x) Uid: ( 1000/xinpengc) Gid: ( 1000/xinpengc)
40 Access: 2020-08-10 20:52:31.244664959 +0800
41 Modify: 2020-08-10 20:52:31.244664959 +0800
42 Change: 2020-08-10 20:52:31.244664959 +0800
43 Birth: -
44 xinpengc@xinpengc-VirtualBox:~/learn/cpp$ size c.out cpp.out
45 text data bss dec hex filename
46 1549 600 8 2157 86d c.out
47 2455 664 280 3399 d47 cpp.out
48 xinpengc@xinpengc-VirtualBox:~/learn/cpp$
49 xinpengc@xinpengc-VirtualBox:~/learn/cpp$
50 xinpengc@xinpengc-VirtualBox:~/learn/cpp$
51 xinpengc@xinpengc-VirtualBox:~/learn/cpp$ cat hello.c
52 #include <stdio.h>
53 #include <unistd.h>
54
55 int main(void)
56 {
57 printf("hello world\n");
58 while (1) {
59 }
60 return 0x0;
61 }
62 xinpengc@xinpengc-VirtualBox:~/learn/cpp$
63 xinpengc@xinpengc-VirtualBox:~/learn/cpp$ cat hello.cpp
64 #include <iostream>
65 #include <cstdlib>
66 #include <unistd.h>
67
68 int main(void)
69 {
70 std::cout << "hello world" << std::endl;
71 while(1) {
72 }
73 return 0x0;
74 }
75 xinpengc@xinpengc-VirtualBox:~/learn/cpp$
76 xinpengc@xinpengc-VirtualBox:~/learn/cpp$ ./c.out &
77 [1] 2391
78 xinpengc@xinpengc-VirtualBox:~/learn/cpp$ hello world
79
80 xinpengc@xinpengc-VirtualBox:~/learn/cpp$ ./cpp.out &
81 [2] 2392
82 xinpengc@xinpengc-VirtualBox:~/learn/cpp$ hello world
83
84 xinpengc@xinpengc-VirtualBox:~/learn/cpp$ cat /proc/2391/status
85 Name: c.out
86 Umask: 0002
87 State: R (running)
88 Tgid: 2391
89 Ngid: 0
90 Pid: 2391
91 PPid: 2270
92 TracerPid: 0
93 Uid: 1000 1000 1000 1000
94 Gid: 1000 1000 1000 1000
95 FDSize: 256
96 Groups: 4 24 27 30 46 120 131 132 1000
97 NStgid: 2391
98 NSpid: 2391
99 NSpgid: 2391
100 NSsid: 2270
101 VmPeak: 2488 kB
102 VmSize: 2488 kB
103 VmLck: 0 kB
104 VmPin: 0 kB
105 VmHWM: 576 kB
106 VmRSS: 576 kB
107 RssAnon: 68 kB
108 RssFile: 508 kB
109 RssShmem: 0 kB
110 VmData: 180 kB
111 VmStk: 132 kB
112 VmExe: 8 kB
113 VmLib: 1644 kB
114 VmPTE: 48 kB
115 VmSwap: 0 kB
116 HugetlbPages: 0 kB
117 CoreDumping: 0
118 THP_enabled: 1
119 Threads: 1
120 SigQ: 0/7731
121 SigPnd: 0000000000000000
122 ShdPnd: 0000000000000000
123 SigBlk: 0000000000000000
124 SigIgn: 0000000000000000
125 SigCgt: 0000000000000000
126 CapInh: 0000000000000000
127 CapPrm: 0000000000000000
128 CapEff: 0000000000000000
129 CapBnd: 0000003fffffffff
130 CapAmb: 0000000000000000
131 NoNewPrivs: 0
132 Seccomp: 0
133 Speculation_Store_Bypass: vulnerable
134 Cpus_allowed: 1
135 Cpus_allowed_list: 0
136 Mems_allowed: 00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000001
137 Mems_allowed_list: 0
138 voluntary_ctxt_switches: 0
139 nonvoluntary_ctxt_switches: 991
140 xinpengc@xinpengc-VirtualBox:~/learn/cpp$
141 xinpengc@xinpengc-VirtualBox:~/learn/cpp$ cat /proc/2391/maps
142 55e8ec320000-55e8ec321000 r--p 00000000 08:05 928447 /home/xinpengc/learn/cpp/c.out
143 55e8ec321000-55e8ec322000 r-xp 00001000 08:05 928447 /home/xinpengc/learn/cpp/c.out
144 55e8ec322000-55e8ec323000 r--p 00002000 08:05 928447 /home/xinpengc/learn/cpp/c.out
145 55e8ec323000-55e8ec324000 r--p 00002000 08:05 928447 /home/xinpengc/learn/cpp/c.out
146 55e8ec324000-55e8ec325000 rw-p 00003000 08:05 928447 /home/xinpengc/learn/cpp/c.out
147 55e8ecae9000-55e8ecb0a000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 [heap]
148 7f7b12fd0000-7f7b12ff5000 r--p 00000000 08:05 1840863 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc-2.31.so
149 7f7b12ff5000-7f7b1316d000 r-xp 00025000 08:05 1840863 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc-2.31.so
150 7f7b1316d000-7f7b131b7000 r--p 0019d000 08:05 1840863 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc-2.31.so
151 7f7b131b7000-7f7b131b8000 ---p 001e7000 08:05 1840863 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc-2.31.so
152 7f7b131b8000-7f7b131bb000 r--p 001e7000 08:05 1840863 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc-2.31.so
153 7f7b131bb000-7f7b131be000 rw-p 001ea000 08:05 1840863 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc-2.31.so
154 7f7b131be000-7f7b131c4000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
155 7f7b131d6000-7f7b131d7000 r--p 00000000 08:05 1840650 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-2.31.so
156 7f7b131d7000-7f7b131fa000 r-xp 00001000 08:05 1840650 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-2.31.so
157 7f7b131fa000-7f7b13202000 r--p 00024000 08:05 1840650 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-2.31.so
158 7f7b13203000-7f7b13204000 r--p 0002c000 08:05 1840650 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-2.31.so
159 7f7b13204000-7f7b13205000 rw-p 0002d000 08:05 1840650 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-2.31.so
160 7f7b13205000-7f7b13206000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
161 7ffcac716000-7ffcac737000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 [stack]
162 7ffcac781000-7ffcac784000 r--p 00000000 00:00 0 [vvar]
163 7ffcac784000-7ffcac785000 r-xp 00000000 00:00 0 [vdso]
164 ffffffffff600000-ffffffffff601000 --xp 00000000 00:00 0 [vsyscall]
165 xinpengc@xinpengc-VirtualBox:~/learn/cpp$
166 xinpengc@xinpengc-VirtualBox:~/learn/cpp$
167 xinpengc@xinpengc-VirtualBox:~/learn/cpp$ cat /proc/2392/status
168 Name: cpp.out
169 Umask: 0002
170 State: R (running)
171 Tgid: 2392
172 Ngid: 0
173 Pid: 2392
174 PPid: 2270
175 TracerPid: 0
176 Uid: 1000 1000 1000 1000
177 Gid: 1000 1000 1000 1000
178 FDSize: 256
179 Groups: 4 24 27 30 46 120 131 132 1000
180 NStgid: 2392
181 NSpid: 2392
182 NSpgid: 2392
183 NSsid: 2270
184 VmPeak: 5876 kB
185 VmSize: 5876 kB
186 VmLck: 0 kB
187 VmPin: 0 kB
188 VmHWM: 1524 kB
189 VmRSS: 1524 kB
190 RssAnon: 152 kB
191 RssFile: 1372 kB
192 RssShmem: 0 kB
193 VmData: 228 kB
194 VmStk: 132 kB
195 VmExe: 8 kB
196 VmLib: 3344 kB
197 VmPTE: 44 kB
198 VmSwap: 0 kB
199 HugetlbPages: 0 kB
200 CoreDumping: 0
201 THP_enabled: 1
202 Threads: 1
203 SigQ: 0/7731
204 SigPnd: 0000000000000000
205 ShdPnd: 0000000000000000
206 SigBlk: 0000000000000000
207 SigIgn: 0000000000000000
208 SigCgt: 0000000000000000
209 CapInh: 0000000000000000
210 CapPrm: 0000000000000000
211 CapEff: 0000000000000000
212 CapBnd: 0000003fffffffff
213 CapAmb: 0000000000000000
214 NoNewPrivs: 0
215 Seccomp: 0
216 Speculation_Store_Bypass: vulnerable
217 Cpus_allowed: 1
218 Cpus_allowed_list: 0
219 Mems_allowed: 00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000001
220 Mems_allowed_list: 0
221 voluntary_ctxt_switches: 0
222 nonvoluntary_ctxt_switches: 2073
223 xinpengc@xinpengc-VirtualBox:~/learn/cpp$
224 xinpengc@xinpengc-VirtualBox:~/learn/cpp$ cat /proc/2392/maps
225 55f73d5c7000-55f73d5c8000 r--p 00000000 08:05 928445 /home/xinpengc/learn/cpp/cpp.out
226 55f73d5c8000-55f73d5c9000 r-xp 00001000 08:05 928445 /home/xinpengc/learn/cpp/cpp.out
227 55f73d5c9000-55f73d5ca000 r--p 00002000 08:05 928445 /home/xinpengc/learn/cpp/cpp.out
228 55f73d5ca000-55f73d5cb000 r--p 00002000 08:05 928445 /home/xinpengc/learn/cpp/cpp.out
229 55f73d5cb000-55f73d5cc000 rw-p 00003000 08:05 928445 /home/xinpengc/learn/cpp/cpp.out
230 55f73dfab000-55f73dfcc000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 [heap]
231 7fed2c836000-7fed2c83a000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
232 7fed2c83a000-7fed2c83d000 r--p 00000000 08:05 1841148 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1
233 7fed2c83d000-7fed2c84f000 r-xp 00003000 08:05 1841148 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1
234 7fed2c84f000-7fed2c853000 r--p 00015000 08:05 1841148 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1
235 7fed2c853000-7fed2c854000 r--p 00018000 08:05 1841148 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1
236 7fed2c854000-7fed2c855000 rw-p 00019000 08:05 1841148 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1
237 7fed2c855000-7fed2c864000 r--p 00000000 08:05 1841501 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libm-2.31.so
238 7fed2c864000-7fed2c90b000 r-xp 0000f000 08:05 1841501 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libm-2.31.so
239 7fed2c90b000-7fed2c9a2000 r--p 000b6000 08:05 1841501 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libm-2.31.so
240 7fed2c9a2000-7fed2c9a3000 r--p 0014c000 08:05 1841501 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libm-2.31.so
241 7fed2c9a3000-7fed2c9a4000 rw-p 0014d000 08:05 1841501 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libm-2.31.so
242 7fed2c9a4000-7fed2c9c9000 r--p 00000000 08:05 1840863 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc-2.31.so
243 7fed2c9c9000-7fed2cb41000 r-xp 00025000 08:05 1840863 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc-2.31.so
244 7fed2cb41000-7fed2cb8b000 r--p 0019d000 08:05 1840863 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc-2.31.so
245 7fed2cb8b000-7fed2cb8c000 ---p 001e7000 08:05 1840863 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc-2.31.so
246 7fed2cb8c000-7fed2cb8f000 r--p 001e7000 08:05 1840863 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc-2.31.so
247 7fed2cb8f000-7fed2cb92000 rw-p 001ea000 08:05 1840863 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc-2.31.so
248 7fed2cb92000-7fed2cb96000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
249 7fed2cb96000-7fed2cc2c000 r--p 00000000 08:05 1841929 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6.0.28
250 7fed2cc2c000-7fed2cd1c000 r-xp 00096000 08:05 1841929 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6.0.28
251 7fed2cd1c000-7fed2cd65000 r--p 00186000 08:05 1841929 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6.0.28
252 7fed2cd65000-7fed2cd66000 ---p 001cf000 08:05 1841929 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6.0.28
253 7fed2cd66000-7fed2cd71000 r--p 001cf000 08:05 1841929 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6.0.28
254 7fed2cd71000-7fed2cd74000 rw-p 001da000 08:05 1841929 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6.0.28
255 7fed2cd74000-7fed2cd79000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
256 7fed2cd8b000-7fed2cd8c000 r--p 00000000 08:05 1840650 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-2.31.so
257 7fed2cd8c000-7fed2cdaf000 r-xp 00001000 08:05 1840650 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-2.31.so
258 7fed2cdaf000-7fed2cdb7000 r--p 00024000 08:05 1840650 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-2.31.so
259 7fed2cdb8000-7fed2cdb9000 r--p 0002c000 08:05 1840650 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-2.31.so
260 7fed2cdb9000-7fed2cdba000 rw-p 0002d000 08:05 1840650 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-2.31.so
261 7fed2cdba000-7fed2cdbb000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
262 7ffcedcbf000-7ffcedce0000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 [stack]
263 7ffceddd5000-7ffceddd8000 r--p 00000000 00:00 0 [vvar]
264 7ffceddd8000-7ffceddd9000 r-xp 00000000 00:00 0 [vdso]
265 ffffffffff600000-ffffffffff601000 --xp 00000000 00:00 0 [vsyscall]
266 xinpengc@xinpengc-VirtualBox:~/learn/cpp$
267 xinpengc@xinpengc-VirtualBox:~/learn/cpp$
原文链接: https://www.cnblogs.com/tangtangworld/p/13466817.html
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