本节将会深入一步，了解 gTest 的断言机制。
开始。
1. 我们先从测试代码第一行开始：
TEST(IsPrimeTest, TrueCondition)
宏：
TEST 是一个宏，有两个参数，googtest对其解释为：test_case_name , test_name 。
EXPECT_TRUE，见字知义，用来比较所传递的参数是否返回 true 。类似的有EXPECT_FALSE。
另：googletest还包装了另一个宏 ASSERT_*, 与EXPECT_* 的区别是：
ASSERT_*版本的断言失败时会产生致命失败，并结束当前函数，后面的语句将不会执行。
EXPECT_*版本的断言产生非致命失败，不会中止当前函数，也就是说，案例继续往下执行。
2. 常用断言如下：
<1>. 基本的true/false条件测试：
| Fatal assertion | Nonfatal assertion | Verifies |
| ASSERT_TRUE(condition); | EXPECT_TRUE(condition); | condition is true |
| ASSERT_FALSE(condition); | EXPECT_FALSE(condition); | condition is false |
<2>. 数值比较 测试：
| Fatal assertion | Nonfatal assertion | Verifies |
| ASSERT_EQ(expected, actual); | EXPECT_EQ(expected, actual); | expected == actual |
| ASSERT_NE(val1, val2); | EXPECT_NE(val1, val2); | val1 != val2 |
| ASSERT_LT(val1, val2); | EXPECT_LT(val1, val2); | val1 < val2 |
| ASSERT_LE(val1, val2); | EXPECT_LE(val1, val2); | val1 <= val2 |
| ASSERT_GT(val1, val2); | EXPECT_GT(val1, val2); | val1 > val2 |
| ASSERT_GE(val1, val2); | EXPECT_GE(val1, val2); | val1 >= val2 |
<3>. 比较两个C字符串(即char*或wchar_t*)测试：
（如果需要比较两个字符串对象，则相应地使用EXPECT_EQ等等）
| Fatal assertion | Nonfatal assertion | Verifies |
| ASSERT_STREQ(expected_str, actual_str); | EXPECT_STREQ(expected_str, actual_str); | the two C strings have the same content |
| ASSERT_STRNE(str1, str2); | EXPECT_STRNE(str1, str2); | the two C strings have different content |
| ASSERT_STRCASEEQ(expected_str, actual_str); | EXPECT_STRCASEEQ(expected_str, actual_str); | the two C strings have the same content, ignoring case |
| ASSERT_STRCASENE(str1, str2); | EXPECT_STRCASENE(str1, str2); | the two C strings have different content, ignoring case |
<4>. 显示成功或失败（AdvanceGuide）:
| SUCCEED(); |
| FAIL(); | ADD_FAILURE(); | ADD_FAILURE_AT("file_path", line_number); |
<5>. 异常检查（AdvanceGuide）：
| Fatal assertion | Nonfatal assertion | Verifies |
| ASSERT_THROW(statement, exception_type); | EXPECT_THROW(statement, exception_type); | statement throws an exception of the given type |
| ASSERT_ANY_THROW(statement); | EXPECT_ANY_THROW(statement); | statement throws an exception of any type |
| ASSERT_NO_THROW(statement); | EXPECT_NO_THROW(statement); | statement doesn't throw any exception |
<6>. 使用已有的布尔型函数：
| Fatal assertion | Nonfatal assertion | Verifies |
| ASSERT_PRED1(pred1, val1); | EXPECT_PRED1(pred1, val1); | pred1(val1) returns true |
| ASSERT_PRED2(pred2, val1, val2); | EXPECT_PRED2(pred2, val1, val2); | pred2(val1, val2) returns true |
| ... | ... | ... |
<7>. 还可自定义输出格式：
| Fatal assertion | Nonfatal assertion | Verifies |
| ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT1(pred_format1, val1); | EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT1(pred_format1, val1`); | pred_format1(val1) is successful |
| ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2(pred_format2, val1, val2); | EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(pred_format2, val1, val2); | pred_format2(val1, val2) is successful |
| ... | ... | ... |
<8>. 浮点型检查：
| Fatal assertion | Nonfatal assertion | Verifies |
| ASSERT_FLOAT_EQ(expected, actual); | EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(expected, actual); | the two float values are almost equal |
| ASSERT_DOUBLE_EQ(expected, actual); | EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(expected, actual); | the two double values are almost equal |
两个相近数比较。
| Fatal assertion | Nonfatal assertion | Verifies |
| ASSERT_NEAR(val1, val2, abs_error); | EXPECT_NEAR(val1, val2, abs_error); |
the difference between val1 and val2 doesn't exceed the given absolute error |
<9>. Windows HRESULT assertions
| Fatal assertion | Nonfatal assertion | Verifies |
| ASSERT_HRESULT_SUCCEEDED(expression); | EXPECT_HRESULT_SUCCEEDED(expression); | expression is a success HRESULT |
| ASSERT_HRESULT_FAILED(expression); | EXPECT_HRESULT_FAILED(expression); | expression is a failure HRESULT |
总结：
通过以上常用断言总结，我们可以看到，gTest提供了非常丰富的断言来帮助我们更好地执行测试，编写更高效的自动化测试代码。
原文链接: https://www.cnblogs.com/way_testlife/archive/2010/10/18/1854908.html
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